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Harry Harlow (1905–1981) was an American psychologist best known for his experiments on attachment among rhesus macaque monkeys, which demonstrated the importance of caregiving and companionship in the development of the young. Harlow’s most famous experiments, which looked at attachment to surrogate mothers, were first published in 1958. Much of Harlow’s work on attachment and social deprivation in monkeys was controversial and raised important animal welfare issues.